BiOWiSH Technologies engaged Iowa State University to conduct a study to determine the effects of BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid coated onto fall-applied monoammonium phosphate (MAP) to create an Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF), as part of a cover crop and corn rotation. The study took place in the U.S. midwestern state of Iowa. The trial compared three treatments: • Control, Standard Fertility Program • Control + Cover Crop • Control + BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid coated onto MAP + Cover Crop. The Control + BiOWiSH^® ® Crop Liquid treatment was observed to have a cover crop biomass increase of 9.7% over the Control, followed by a marketable grain yield 7.9% (14 bu/acre, 0.9 MT/ha) higher in the following growing season. Overall, the BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid treatment helped to mitigate the yield loss often experienced with a first-year cover crop program when applied in the fall as an EEF.

BiOWiSH Technologies partnered with a leading global fertilizer manufacturer to determine the effects of BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid coated onto urea as an Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF) on corn production. The case study took place at a commercial farm in the Goulburn Valley of Northern Victoria, Australia, and used the common regional fertility program as the Control. This trial compared two treatments: • Control, Standard Fertility Program (Urea + SLTEC SS 10-14-0+0.7 Zn + MAP) • Control + BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid.

BiOWiSH Technologies engaged Precision Study Management as a third-party Contract Research Organization (CRO) to conduct a study to determine the effects of BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid coated onto urea as an Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF), on corn production in Northern Texas, USA. The trial compared three treatments: • Control, Standard Urea Fertility Program • Control + BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid • N Optimized Fertility Program + BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid.

BiOWiSH Technologies, Inc. partnered with a leading global fertilizer manufacturer and engaged Agreco Australia as a third-party Contract Research Organization (CRO) to conduct a study to determine the effects of BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid coated onto urea to create an Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF) for sweet corn production in Queensland, Australia. The trial compared three treatments: • 100% Urea (Control) • 100% Urea (Control) + BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid • N Optimized Fertility Program + BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid.

BiOWiSH Technologies engaged Helena Agri-Enterprises, LLC as a third-party Contract Research Organization (CRO) to conduct a study to determine the effects of BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid mixed with Urea Ammonium Nitrate -32% (UAN 32%) on corn silage production in California. The trial compared two treatments including a common regional fertilizer program (Control) and the same fertilizer program with BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid added (Control + BiOWiSH^®).

BiOWiSH Technologies, Inc. conducted a study in collaboration with Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University to determine the efficacy of using fertilizer coated with BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid in waxy corn cultivation at the second accumulated temperate zone of Heilongjiang Province. The experiment used a local standard fertilizer program as a Control and compared it to the same fertilizer program coated with BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid. The results of this study illustrate that the addition of BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid to the Control fertility program optimized yield potential by improved nutrient uptake in waxy corn, resulting in higher profit.

BiOWiSH Technologies engaged Helena Agri-Enterprises, LLC as a third-party Contract Research Organization (CRO) to conduct a study to determine the effects of BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid coated UAN on corn production in Iowa. The trial compared two treatments: • A regional liquid fertilizer program (Control) • The same fertilizer program with BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid added (Control + BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid ) In this study, the Control + BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid program indicated improved soil conditions for increased plant vigor.

BiOWiSH Technologies performed field trials in conjunction with a U.S. fertilizer distributor and the University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences to evaluate BiOWiSH^® Crop. The United Nations projects food production needs to increase by as much as 60% by 2050 in order to meet growing demand. Research and field studies have proven that, when combined with traditional fertilizer to create an Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF), BiOWiSH^® optimizes yield potential by improved nutrient uptake.

BiOWiSH Technologies partnered with Arise Research & Discovery, Inc. to evaluate the performance of BiOWiSH^® Crop when added to Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) to create an Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF) for sweet corn grown under greenhouse conditions. BiOWiSH^® Crop was used as part of two N Optimized Fertility Programs and compared against the Control, Standard Full Fertility Program. The trial compared three treatments: • Control, Standard UAN Fertility Program • 10% N Optimized Fertility Program + BiOWiSH^® Crop • 20% N Optimized Fertility Program + BiOWiSH^® Crop. This greenhouse study determined that the addition of BiOWiSH^® Crop improved soil conditions for increased plant vigor, increased nutrient use efficiency, and improved nutrient uptake in early-stage sweet corn.

In the United States, ADM engaged sixteen corn growers to conduct on-farm demonstration trials to assess the yield effects of BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid coated onto urea and urea blends as an Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer (EEF). The sixteen demonstration trials each compared two treatments: • Control, Standard Fertility Program • Control + BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid The study determined that the addition of BiOWiSH^® Crop Liquid optimized yield potential by improved nutrient uptake in corn by 6.0% (11 bu/acre, 0.72 MT/ha) on average across the sixteen on-farm demonstration trials.